Definition: Communication system basically helps in transmitting the data from an end to the other through a proper medium or channel. Based on the direction of transmission and reception the system is classified into two domains.
The classification is such that:
- Unidirectional system or simplex system
- Bidirectional system or duplex system
- Half duplex system
- Full duplex system
Simplex System
This system allows one-way communication as it is only capable of transmitting the data. As it is unidirectional transmission this system never needs an acknowledgement from another end that results in negligible return.
The best example we can have in the simplex system is television or radio system.
The source of the data or information is the transmitter and the other end where data is collected is the receiver of the system.
During transmission of information or signal in TV system the transmitter simply transmits the signal irrespective of the acknowledgement that it is properly received or not as the viewer at the destination is not able to send back anything towards the other end.
This type of transmission is not widely used as it is one-way communication error in the signal received at the destination cannot be reported.
The same goes with the case of the radio system in which the audio signal transmitted and get received by the listeners on the destination end but they are not capable to send back any information regarding the proper reception of the signal.
During transmission of data, the power of data transmission must be compatible with the distance through which the data has to travel. If the distance through which the data has to travel is higher, the required power for transmission must also be higher.
Advantages
- It is easy to install as the structure of the system is simple.
- As the system supports one-way transmission, whole bandwidth can be used.
Disadvantage
- The chances of interference in the signal due to noise and crosstalk are more due to ground return.
Duplex System
As it is clear from the name itself duplex means dual this system allows two-way communication that is from both the ends.
Half duplex
Due to bidirectional nature of communication, transmission and reception both can be done but not in a similar time domain. It is basically two simplex systems that operate in opposite directions. But the frequency of both the ends must be same so as to transmit and receive the data properly.
Walkie talkie represents the best example of half duplex system because both the connected ends can transmit information to the other end but only after the acknowledgement of completion from the other end till then the receiver at the other end waits for the opportunity to get the acknowledgement.
The need of transmission power is according to the distance as if the power is not according to the distance then the destination will not get the transmitted data properly.
Advantage
- Low in cost as compared to other duplex modes.
Disadvantage
- It is a slow mode of communication as it requires acknowledgement from the other end.
Full Duplex
This system provides transmission and reception from both the end simultaneously. In this system, two different frequency is to be used to transmit and receive data in similar time domain. During transmission or reception of information or signal simultaneously this system requires more than one physical channel.
Telephone system best describes the example of the full-duplex system of communication as during a phone call the two end parties on call does not need to wait for any indication before they transmit information as this is an acknowledgement free transmission.
This system comes under widely used range because it makes the transmission interruption-free as well as gives us a faster way of communication.
Transmission power puts a great impact on transmission of a signal as it totally depends on the distance that the signal has to travel because more the distance higher the transmission power required for that particular transmission.
Advantage
- This system permits an increase in efficiency in communication.
Disadvantage
- It results in the decrease in the bandwidth.
The communication system relies on various factors but the most important factor is the direction as the flow of the signal in a particular direction gives us the best way conclude the transmission and reception phenomena.
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