Control Systems

Human-Machine Interface abbreviated as HMI is a user interface which is a combination of hardware and software that permits easy interaction between human and machine. Thus, it is named so. The main purpose of establishing such an interaction between humans and machines is to control and monitor the processes ongoing at the remote locations without physically being present at that particular location. The human-machine interface is a crucial component of automated industrial processes and … [Read more...] about Human-Machine Interface (HMI) in SCADA

Intelligent Electronic Devices abbreviated as IED is defined as devices that have single or multiple microprocessors integrated within it. Its main purpose involves the transmission or reception of data or control signals to or from an external device. The external device in consideration with the whole system can be transducers, relays, control units, etc. IEDs are regarded as a key part of industrial control systems used for the purpose of advanced power automation. Thus, is useful in … [Read more...] about Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) in SCADA

Definition: Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) in SCADA systems is a microprocessor-based electronic device present at geographically distributed remote locations in order to facilitate communication of various devices within the distributed SCADA system. It consists of input-output hardware and communication interface for remote sensing and controlling of ongoing processes. The sole purpose of an RTU present at the remote site of the SCADA system is to send all the collected data and information to … [Read more...] about Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) in SCADA

In the previous article, we have discussed the basics of the SCADA system. SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system which is used for the purpose of controlling the processes that are geographically distributed. Generally, the overall SCADA system performs under the control of centralized software and hardware combination. In this article, we will discuss the architectural design of SCADA systems. Now a day most of the SCADA systems are based on a distributed … [Read more...] about SCADA System Architecture

Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition is the full form of SCADA. SCADA system is a computer-based control system used in industrial processes that facilitates monitoring and controlling of various critical industrial equipment involved in manufacturing, developing and fabrication, etc. A SCADA system works in a way that the sensors involved in the system takes the process parameters and changes it into a proportional electrical signal. This signal is then changed into the required digital … [Read more...] about Introduction to SCADA System

Previously we have discussed that Bode Plot is a graphical representation that expresses response of the system using the logarithmic scale. In Bode plot logarithmic of magnitude and logarithmic of phase angle is plotted against logarithmic of frequency. In the previous article, we have seen what a bode plot is and discussed the standard factors. Here in this article, we will see how the bode plot is sketched and later will explain the same with the help of an example. Steps to Construct … [Read more...] about Bode Plot Construction with Example

Definition: Bode Plot is a graphical method used for design and analysis purpose of the control system. In the Bode Plot, a logarithmic scale is used that helps in simplifying the way to graphically represent the frequency response of the system. The idea of logarithmic scaling was provided by Hendrick W. Bode. In bode plot, logarithmic of magnitude and logarithmic of phase angle are separately plotted for logarithmic values of frequencies. Need for Bode Plot Previously we have seen that … [Read more...] about Bode Plot

Definition: The plot that represents the transfer function of the system G(jω) on a complex plane, constructed in polar coordinates is known as Polar Plot. The polar plot representation shows the plot of magnitude versus phase angle on polar coordinates with variation in ω from 0 to ∞. It is used for stability analysis. Construction of Polar Plot It is known to us that plotting frequency response signifies sketching the variations in the magnitude and phase angle with respect to the input … [Read more...] about Polar Plot

Root Locus is a way of determining the stability of a control system. In the previous article, we have discussed the root locus technique that tells about the rules that are followed for constructing the root locus. Here in this article, we will see some examples regarding the construction of root locus. But before going these solved examples you must have the basic idea about the rules for constructing the root locus. So, first, go through the article root locus technique. Before … [Read more...] about Root Locus Construction with Examples

In the previous article, we have discussed the basics of root locus. Basically, the root locus technique or plot is a way of constructing root locus that involves some rules as it helps in determining the stability of the control system. We have discussed that the graph formed by plotting the path of the roots of the characteristic equation obtained for various values of K is root locus. This simply helps in determining the values of K that satisfies the complete performance of the system … [Read more...] about Root Locus Technique