Definition: A category of angle modulation in which the frequency of the carrier wave is changed according to the amplitude of the message signal is known as frequency modulation. It is abbreviated as FM and is a widely used analog modulation technique. One can modulate a signal by varying the amplitude of the carrier signal according to the message signal, which we commonly knew as amplitude modulation (AM). The implementation of AM is simple. However, it possesses various … [Read more...] about Frequency Modulation (FM)
Instrumentation Amplifier
Definition: A special type of amplifier that is used to amplify signals of extremely low-level is known as Instrumentation Amplifier. It is basically a differential amplifier, that performs amplification of difference of input signal. It has high CMMR, offers high input impedance and consumes less power. CMMR stands for common mode rejection ratio, it is the ability to reject unwanted signals. It is also known as data amplifier. Nowadays, it has become an elemental part of modern … [Read more...] about Instrumentation Amplifier
Amplitude Modulation
Definition: Amplitude Modulation is a technique by which the amplitude of the carrier wave is changed according to the signal wave or modulating signal. Among various modulation schemes, amplitude modulation is the simplest and oldest modulation technique. Basically, the information that is carried by the low frequency modulating signal is superimposed on the carrier wave of high frequency by varying the amplitude of the carrier. Thus it is termed as amplitude modulation. Theory of Amplitude … [Read more...] about Amplitude Modulation
Difference between BJT and JFET
The crucial difference between BJT and JFET is that BJT is a bipolar device while JFET is a unipolar device. It is so because the operation of BJT is dependent on injection and collection of minority charge carriers that includes both electrons and holes. As against JFET is majority carrier device, thus termed as unipolar. Another major difference between BJT and JFET is that BJT falls under current controlled device category whereas JFET falls under voltage controlled device category. We … [Read more...] about Difference between BJT and JFET
Bandpass Filter
Definition: A bandpass filter (BPF) is an electronic circuit that passes a certain band of frequency without attenuation. The particular band of frequency passes by the filter is known as passband. The important parameters that have to be considered in a BPF are the low and high cut-off frequency, centre frequency along with bandwidth and selectivity. Bandpass filters are basically of two types: Active BPF and Passive BPF. An active bandpass filter requires an external power supply and … [Read more...] about Bandpass Filter
Photoresistor – Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
Definition: Photoresistor is a type of device whose resistance changes with respect to the intensity of the incident radiation. It has a tremendous ability to change its resistance in exposure to light. LDR is an acronym for Light Dependent Resistor. It is a non-linear device. The photoresistor is also termed as the light dependent resistor or photoconductor as it displays the property of photoconductivity. What photoconductivity basically is? It is the phenomenon which improves the … [Read more...] about Photoresistor – Light Dependent Resistor (LDR)
TRIAC
Definition: TRIAC is basically a 3 terminal ac switch that shows conduction in both the directions. These are triggered into conduction by low energy gate signal. TRIAC is a contraction of TRIode for Alternating Current. It is a bidirectional device that belongs to the thyristor family and is basically a diac with gate terminal used to control the turn-on conditions of the device. Let us have a look at the schematic symbol of a TRIAC: More specifically we can say in TRIAC, Tri denotes … [Read more...] about TRIAC
Voltage Controlled Oscillator (V C O)
Definition: VCO is an acronym for Voltage Controlled Oscillator. It is a device that produces such an oscillating output signal whose frequency can be regulated or altered by the input dc voltage. In other words, we can say, VCO generates an output signal having an adjustable frequency range that is controlled by the dc input voltage. It is a type of oscillator in which the output frequency obtained is the function of the input signal. Usually, the frequency of an oscillator is … [Read more...] about Voltage Controlled Oscillator (V C O)
Difference Between Single-mode and Multimode Optical Fiber
The major difference single-mode and multimode optical fiber is that in single-mode optical fiber light ray propagates only through a single path. On the contrary, in multimode optical fiber several light rays propagate through the waveguide at the same time. Another crucial difference between single-mode and multimode optical fiber is that single-mode fiber has a smaller core diameter as compared to multimode fiber. We will discuss some other important differences between single-mode and … [Read more...] about Difference Between Single-mode and Multimode Optical Fiber
Bistable Multivibrator
Definition: A type of multivibrator whose output consists of 2 stable states is known as Bistable Multivibrator. The circuit switches from one stable state to the other when an appropriate trigger pulse is applied. In a nutshell, in a bistable multivibrator, one stable state can be maintained until a triggering pulse is provided. It is also known as flip-flop multivibrator because due to applied trigger pulses, multivibrator flip from one stable state. And by applying the next trigger … [Read more...] about Bistable Multivibrator