Basic Electronics

Definition: Hall Effect Sensor is the solid state device which switches to active state when it is introduced in magnetic field. The output voltage of hall effect sensor is dependent on magnetic field around it. When the magnetic field across the semiconductor slab changes the magnetic flux density also changes due to which the output voltage of hall effect sensor varies. Principle of Hall Effect Sensor The hall effect sensor works on the principle of hall effect. According to hall effect … [Read more...] about Hall Effect Sensor

Definition: When a piece of metal or semiconductor is placed in magnetic field, more precisely in transverse magnetic field, and direct current is allowed to pass through it, then the electric field gets developed across the edges of metal or semiconductor specimen. This phenomenon is called Hall Effect. Explanation of Hall Effect Consider a piece of metal is placed in magnetic field. And the magnetic field is perpendicular to the metal or semiconductor specimen. Now, direct current is passed … [Read more...] about Hall Effect

Definition: Surge Protector is a resistor which is inserted between rectifier circuit and the filter circuit to prevent the circuit from surge current. In general applications it may be omitted but in case of power supply it is beneficial to use surge protector or surge resistor. You may be thinking that why we have introduced a new term here i.e. Surge Current. As we have not used this term in our previous articles. So, surge current is the peak current which flows during initial … [Read more...] about Surge Protector

Definition: A 3 Phase rectifier is a device which rectifies the input AC voltage with the use of 3 phase transformer and 3 diodes which are connected to each of the three phases of transformer secondary winding. Significance of 3 Phase Rectifier A single phase rectifier also rectifies i.e. converts AC supply to DC supply but uses only single phase of transformer secondary coil for the conversion. And the diodes are connected to the secondary winding of single phase transformer. The drawback … [Read more...] about 3 Phase Rectifier

The voltage doubler is a device which delivers double the peak voltage (maximum voltage). It comprises of capacitor filter circuit which delivers double DC voltage of the peak input AC voltage. Voltage doublers are of significant importance in devices which needs high voltage and low current. Some of the devices which fall in this category are cathode ray oscilloscopes, picture tube used in TV receivers and in the display of a computer. Half - Wave Voltage Doubler The half wave voltage doubler … [Read more...] about Voltage Doubler

Definition: Pi filter consists of a shunt capacitor at the input side, and it is followed by an L-section filter. The output from the rectifier is directly given across capacitor. The pulsating DC output voltage is filtered first by the capacitor connected at the input side and then by choke coil and then by another shunt capacitor. The construction arrangement of all the components resembles the shape of Greek letter Pi (π). Thus it is called Pi filter. Besides, the capacitor is present at … [Read more...] about Pi Filter

Definition: Choke filter consists of an inductor connected in series with rectifier output circuit and a capacitor connected in parallel with the load resistor. It is also called L-section filter because the inductor and capacitor are connected in the shape of inverted L. The output pulsating DC voltage from a rectifier circuit passes through the inductor or choke coil. The inductor has low DC resistance and extremely high AC reactance. Thus, ripples get filtered through choke coil. Some of … [Read more...] about Choke Filter

Definition: The filter circuit is necessary for smoothing of the voltage obtained by the rectifier. The obtained DC voltage contains AC components. These AC components are called ripples. The filter circuit is needed to remove the ripples from DC output voltage so that the output voltage across the load will be regulated. Significance of Filter Circuit Filter Circuit is connected between the load and output of rectifier circuit. If this filter circuit is not connected between the rectifier … [Read more...] about Filter

Definition: Bridge rectifier is formed by connecting four diodes in the form of a Wheatstone bridge. It also provides full wave rectification. During the first half of AC cycle, two diodes are forward biased and during the second half of AC cycle, the other two diodes become forward biased. In this way, the rectifier provides DC output during positive AC cycle as well as during negative AC cycle. Circuit Components of Bridge Rectifier It consists of a step-down transformer, four diodes … [Read more...] about Full Bridge Rectifier

Definition: Full wave rectifier is the semiconductor devices which convert complete cycle of AC into pulsating DC. Unlike half wave rectifiers which uses only half wave of the input AC cycle, full wave rectifiers utilize full wave. The lower efficiency drawback of half wave rectifier can be overcome by using full wave rectifier. Circuit Diagram of Full wave Rectifier The rectifier circuit consists of a step-down transformer, and two diodes are connected, and they are centre tapped. Thus, this … [Read more...] about Full Wave Rectifier