Electronics Instrumentation

Definition: A thermocouple is a device that is used to measure temperature. These are active transducers as they work on the principle of energy conversion. It does not require any source of power for their operation. These are basically temperature sensors that measure temperature in the form of EMF.  To make up thermocouple pair certain combinations of metals must be used. These combinations of metals are so chosen that a linear rise in emf is produced with the rise in the temperature of … [Read more...] about Thermocouple

Definition: Thermistors, are the device whose resistance changes rapidly with the corresponding change in temperature. These are highly sensitive to change in temperature, thus widely used in all such applications where temperature measurement is needed. Thermistor word is composed by the merger of the word thermal and resistor. It can be referred to as transducers as it produces an analog voltage with respective change in temperature. Let’s have a look at the symbol of thermistor- It … [Read more...] about Thermistors

Definition: Piezo-electric transducers are the devices that change electrical charges, generated by the application of mechanical force into electrical potential. The voltage generated by piezoelectric transducers is the effect of the displacement of charges. Piezo-electric transducers are based on the principle of the piezoelectric effect. The voltage is given as: Piezo-electric Effect As we have discussed that these transducers operate on the principle of the piezoelectric effect and … [Read more...] about Piezo-electric Transducers

Definition: Cathode ray tube, CRT is the heart of CRO which generates images when electron beam from the back of the tube strikes the fluorescent screen with sufficient energy. CRT technique was basically employed in conventional TV and computer screens. Constructional details of Cathode Ray Tube CRT consist of the following parts: Electron gun Deflection plate assembly Glass envelope Fluorescent screen Base, for connections The diagram given below shows the internal … [Read more...] about Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

Definition: LVDT, Linear variable differential transformer is an inductive transducer which converts linear motion or displacement into electrical signals. LVDT works on the principle of mutual induction. Here, the word differential is used as the output value we get is the difference value of voltages produced at the two secondary windings. Displacement provided is directly proportional to the output voltage generated. Constructional Details of LVDT The transformer has a single primary … [Read more...] about Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT)

Definition: AC voltmeters are designed in a manner so that they can measure the AC voltage under measurement. The main difference between AC voltmeter circuit and DC voltmeter circuit is the usage of a rectifier. The rectifier is used in order to transform the AC voltage into DC voltage. Block Diagram of AC Voltmeter To develop a basic understanding of AC voltmeter, it is crucial to have a brief idea of the block diagram of AC voltmeter circuit. The block diagram of AC voltmeter resembles the … [Read more...] about AC Voltmeter

Definition: LCR meters can be understood as a multimeter, this is because it can measure resistance, inductance, capacitance as per the requirement. Thus, it is termed as LCR meter. L in its name signifies inductance, C stands for capacitance and R denotes resistance. The significant component of LCR meter is the Wheatstone bridge and RC ratio arm circuits. The component whose value is to be measured is connected in one of the arms of the bridge. There are different provisions for the … [Read more...] about LCR Meter

Definition: The DC voltmeter is a device which measures the DC voltage applied to it, by moving the pointer against the perfectly calibrated scale. The calibrated scale is provided by PMMC meter. Also, you must note here that the voltage which is to be measured is passed through the attenuator and then through the DC gain amplifier. In order to understand the working of DC voltmeter, we may refer to the block diagram below. We can conclude from the diagram below that when the DC voltage is … [Read more...] about DC Voltmeter

Definition: The Electronic Multimeter is a device which is used for the measurement of various electrical and electronic quantities such as current, voltage, resistance etc. The multimeter name is given to it to define its ability to measure multiple quantities. It is provided with inbuilt power supply necessary for the functioning of the device. Any component such as a resistor, battery can be connected to its outer probes for the measurement of the electronic quantity. In order to … [Read more...] about Electronic Multimeter

Definition: The cathode ray oscilloscope is the instrument which generates the waveform of any electrical quantity. The waveform is generated in such a way that the amplitude of the signal is represented along Y-axis and the variation in the time is represented along X-axis. CRO is the measuring device as well as it can generate waveforms in terms of amplitude and time because it is very easy to measure the amplitude of the voltage signal to determine its intensity. The non-electrical … [Read more...] about Cathode Ray Oscilloscope